Organization for Youth Education & Development (OYED)

List of Youth Programs in EU Member State


List of Youth Programs in EU Member State

Introduction

The Organization for Youth Education and Development (OYED) is an establishment that seeks to promote the interests of young people on a European level. In order to support this youth agenda the OYED is proposing a common EU policy relating to young people, comprised of 10 points. This proposal addresses some of the most pressing challenges faced by young people in the European Union today.

The OYED believes it to be a gross injustice that the opportunities and level of social inclusion that a young individual can expect is dependent on which country they inhabit. There is a clear imbalance within the European Union, which if left unchecked will perpetuate the current trend and threaten European cohesiveness. This proposal seeks to lift the cap on aspiration on a European level.

This memorandum therefore exists to reinforce this common EU policy proposal as it contains extensive research regarding governmentally funded youth programs and initiatives in every EU member state. The broad scope of this research highlights loopholes in existing policies in one or multiple member states, aiding EU legislators to tailor a more effective approach. Over the course of this research three overarching issues have arisen which must be addressed: social mobility, opportunities for young people, especially linking education to work and entrepreneurship and innovation, and political engagement.

France

Program Name:
French:  Ecoles de la deuxième chance (E2C)
English: Second Chance Schools

Website: http://www.emploi.gouv.fr/dispositif/ecoles-deuxieme-chance-e2c
Established Year: 2007
 
The creation of the “écoles de la deuxièmes chance” - “second-chance schools” - came after a law was adopted by the French Parliament regarding the prevention of delinquency on 5th March 2007. These second-chance schools were then specifically addressed by the decree of the 13th of December 2007. They concern young people aged under 26 who left formal education without any degree or professional qualification. They differ from traditional schooling because their methodology is based on both the social and professional integration of young people who are selected solely on the level of their motivation. The process is highly individualized according to the different profiles and it aims at granting basic knowledge in French, Mathematics and Computer Science, as well as social and civic skills necessary for successful professional integration. The ones who benefit from these schools are able to enrol in a professional course with a team of advisors and train in a partner company. What is especially useful, and can lead to more successful outcomes, is that the length of the programs is unlimited, determined only by the time it takes the young people to gain the knowledge and skills necessary for their sustainable professional integration.
Program Name:
French: Emploi Francs
English: Honest jobs

Website: http://www.pole-emploi.fr/employeur/les-emplois-francs-@/suarticle.jspz?id=100954
Established Year: 2013     

The objective of this scheme is to boost access to jobs for young people living in sensitive urban areas (called “zones urbaines sensibles” ZUS) where the unemployment rate is twice as high as the rest of the territory, by creating “frank jobs”. The only criteria to fulfil in order to benefit from these jobs is that applicants must be aged under 30, live in sensitive urban areas (ZUS), and to be unemployed for more than 1 year. This scheme concerns mainly the private sector and does not strive towards the elaboration of a durable professional project.
Program Name:
French: Garantie Jeunes
English: Youth Guarantee

Website: http://www.emploi.gouv.fr/dispositif/garantie-jeunes
Established Year: 2013

On the 1st of October 2013, the French government legislated according to its powers conferred by Article 37 and 37-1 of the French Constitution of 1958, related to the regulatory powers and experimental regulatory decisions made by the government. The nature of experimental regulatory laws implies that they are implemented in the short-term, and they are likely to be protracted if the experimental period demonstrates successful implementation.

The program “Garantie Jeunes”, according to the decree of the 1st of October 2013, will be instituted in an experimental capacity until the 31st of December 2015. This program aims at permitting young people from troubled backgrounds to strive towards autonomy through the organization of a global social and professional support process. More precisely, local assignments form the basis of this support scheme with the purpose of acquiring diverse professional experiences, in order to be able to elaborate and strengthen a professional project. This scheme concerns young people from 18 to 25 years old, described as “NEETs” - those “not in education, employment or training”.

It is arguable that this scheme is just another short-term process to try to fix and hide the large-scale unemployment, especially amongst young people. Moreover, the tendency to encourage undertaking many different local jobs, with a maximum period contract of 1 year only, is unlikely to lead to a consistent professional project.
Program Name:
French: Projet d’Initiatives jeunes création d’entreprise (PIJ)
English : Young initiatives Project for the creation of company

Website: http://www.emploi.gouv.fr/dispositif/projet-initiatives-jeunes-creation-d’entreprise-pij
Established Year: 2005

The PIJ scheme offers financial aid to people aged between 18 and 30, for the creation or part-exchange of a company. It is based in some DOM-TOM regions (collectivités d’Outre-mer), namely, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Guyane, Réunion and Mayotte. The maximum amount for the subvention is 7320€ which is tax-free.